CONNECTING LAPTOP/PC TO TV (VGA TO RCA ADAPTER)

How do you connect your laptop to your TV?

This is a very normal and even common question to ask especially if the person is not well verse in electronic or does not know the existence of VGA to RCA adapter.

Connecting two different devices that are not meant to pair up like TV and DVD player or Electric guitar and amplifiers, or Multimedia projector device and computer or laptop, is not very common. In the absence of the paired device, like having a working CPU and but a busted Computer Monitor, we always find something to replace the other either temporarily or indefinitely.

Going back to the question how do you connect a laptop to a TV, yes people do this despite the fact that a laptop has an integrated screen. Common reason is for a great visual presentation. When the presenter can have a good look of his own presentation without turning his back from the audience at the same time the audience will have a good view of the presentation with the annoying back of the presenter blocking scene. Of course when you want to do this, it is presumed also that the TV screen is much bigger than the screen of your laptop.

Anyway, here are the classic steps in connecting your laptop to your TV. You cannot just assume also that your laptop and TV will simply be connected by VGA to assist you to RCA adapter. The VGA and RCA might not be available in your equipment considering that there are other cables and adapters that may be used for linking electronic equipments together.

First check both your devices. Know what you have. If you have an HDTV with

 HDMI inputs, then your laptop must also have the compatible HDMI outputs so that these two devices will work as one unit.

If in case your laptop does not have an HDMI output, then it might have a DVI output. DVI is compatible and can be connected with an HDMI since both are digital cables that produce the same resolutions.

In the absence of both cables, the next thing that you should check if it has a VGA output port. It is also capable of higher resolutions. However, you have to check of your TV of its resolution because TV supports vary with VGA adapter.

If not, then you may check if the laptop has S-Video output. This will most probably do.
Once connected, detect your TV in your laptop after booting it. But that is not the end of it yet because you need to output the sounds to your TV.

You need to have a digital coaxial cable or a 3.5mm jack to RCA adapter.

However, all these can be done by one connector provided that VGA is present in the laptop. All you need is to buy your VGA on the way to RCA adapter to save all the hassles. This adapter is already available in the market. VGA output is connected to the laptop, and then the other end of the cable has three jacks that will connect to the video inputs and the RCA for the sound inputs as well.

Transfer File Using LAN Cable between Laptop and PC

When to use LAN Cable to Send Files from One Computer to Another?

This method is most useful when we have to share large files between two computers.

It would be very tiring to keep on inserting and removing the pen drive again and again. when LAN cable comes into the picture , you have to connect it once and then leave it and when you come back you data would be transfer .No need to stand there and waste your time by looking at it.
Using a wired connection the speed is also impressive, generally better than pen drive.

Things That You Required

·         Two laptop (mandatory)

·         A lan cable (obviously)

·         Little bit of your time and patience (only if it’s your first time)

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Step 1

Connect one computer to another using LAN cable.

Step 2

 Now you have to enable sharing option .

Go to Control Panel> Network and Internet> Network and Sharing Center > change Advanced sharing settings.

Enable sharing option

Make sure you turn on network detection and turn off password protection off.

Step 3

Bring both the computers on same network.

1. Open control panel Control Panel >> Network and Internet >>Network Connections

2. You will see Local Area Connection 2 .
3. Right click it and navigates to properties .
4. You will see tcp/ ivp4 option there and select it’s properties.

5. Select this use the following ip address

Put the following value on 1st computer

Ip address 192.168.1.1          
Subnet mask 225.225.225.0
Default gateway 192.168.1.3

Put the following value on 2nd computer

Ip address 192.168.1.3
Subnet mask 225.225.225.0
Default gateway 192.168.1.1

2nd laptop ip address

Basically what we are doing is keeping the subnet mask same and changing the ip address .If everything went good you will see the two computer name in the Networks.

Two computer connected under same network using lan

Step 4

Share a folder on LAN

Assuming that you have connected the cable properly and enable the sharing option now it’s time Send files from one computer to another , this is very simple
1.Select the folder you want to share , right click it .
2.Select share this >> specific people.

3. On the drop down menu select everyone >> add >> click share.

Enjoy sharing...

Li-Fi (Get WiFi From Light)

PureLiFi is recognized as the leader in visible light communication (VLC) – the use of the visible light spectrum instead of radio frequencies to enable wireless data communication. In collaboration with technology and solutions providers, pureLiFi technology will provide ubiquitous high-speed wireless access that offers substantially greater data densities than Wi-Fi along with inherent security properties that eliminate unwanted external network intrusion. In addition, the integration of illumination and data services generates a measurable reduction in both infrastructure complexity and energy consumption.

The use of light bulbs for wi-fi connectivity is one step closer according to new findings from Chi Nan, an IT professor at Shanghai’s Fudan University. 

a micro-chipped bulb has the ability to produce data speeds of up to 150 megabits per second (Mbps). Researchers claim that a one-watt LED light bulb would provide net connectivity to four computers.
However there has been no supporting video or photos to back these claims up, sparking questions as to the validity of the findings.

Back in 2011, Professor Harald Haas from the University of Edinburgh demonstrated how an LED bulb fitted with signal processing technology could stream high-definition video to a computer. Following that he created the term “light fidelity” or li-fi and set up a company named PureVLC in order to make use of the technology.
A spokesperson from PureVLC said of the latest findings: “We’re just as surprised as everyone else by this announcement, but how valid this is we don’t know without seeing more evidence. We remain sceptical.”

A microchipped bulb can produce data speeds of up to 150 megabits per second (Mbps), Chi Nan, IT professor at Shanghai's Fudan University told.
A one-watt LED light bulb would be enough to provide net connectivity to four computers, researchers say.
Li-fi, also known as visible light communications (VLC), at these speeds would be faster - and cheaper - than the average Chinese broadband connection.
In 2011, Prof Harald Haas, an expert in optical wireless communications at the University of Edinburgh, demonstrated how an LED bulb equipped with signal processing technology could stream a high-definition video to a computer.

He coined the term "light fidelity" or li-fi and set up a private company, PureVLC , to exploit the technology. 

  Edinburgh University's Prof Harald Haas coined the term "li-fi".

"But how valid this is we don't know without seeing more evidence. We remain sceptical."
This year, the Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute claimed that data rates of up to 1Gbit/s per LED light frequency were possible in laboratory conditions, making one bulb with three colours potentially capable of transmitting data at up to 3Gbit/s.
Unlimited capacity

Add USB 3.0 To Old Laptop / PC

USB 3.0 is about 10 times faster than USB 2.0, making it a terrific upgrade, and a great way to save time  by cutting down on file transfer times.USB 3.0 peripherals are proliferating, with lots of affordable  priced external hard drives, Blu-ray burners and other devices to choose from. Unfortunately, most computers in use today don’t have integrated USB 3.0 ports. Most users are stuck with USB 2.0 until they buy a new computer, even if the computer they have is relatively new. In fact, many new computers sold today still feature USB 2.0 only. If you’re stuck with USB 2.0 for the foreseeable future, you might want to add USB 3.0 connectivity to your current platform. You can do it for a minimum of around $20.

USB 1.0, introduced way back in 1996, was designed to transfer data at a maximum theoretical rate of 1.5 Mbit/s. A later version, so dubbed USB 1.1, was released in 1998 and was designed to transfer data at a maximum theoretical rate of 12 Mbit/s. USB 2.0, introduced in 2000, is theoretically 40 times faster, with transfer rates up to 480 Mbit/s. But USB 3.0 is 10 times faster than USB 2.0, with transfer rates of up to 5 Gbit/s. USB 3.0 is also backward-compatible with USB 2.0, so you can plug a USB 2.0 peripheral into a USB 3.0 port and it will function properly. You can also plug a USB 3.0 peripheral into a USB 2.0 port and it will work just fine. Although, if you plug a USB 2.0 peripheral in a USB 3.0 port or plug a USB 3.0 peripheral into a USB 2.0 port, you can only transfer data at the USB 2.0 speed.The real 5 Gbit/s magic happens when you connect a USB 3.0 peripheral to a USB 3.0 port using a USB 3.0 cable.
Much like USB 2.0, the USB 3.0 port is powered, meaning that you can connect some external components and power them without having to also connect them to an external power adapter. Unlike USB 2.0, however, USB 3.0 delivers greater power. You can recharge devices such as your MP3 player, more quickly, and you can power more devices with the use of a USB hub. Along with the faster data transfer rate, this greater power also gives bus-powered USB 3.0 external hard drives the added advantage over external drives with the eSATA interface, which is unpowered. 
USB 3.0’s increased power output of 900 milliamps is enough to power multiple devices, and more than enough to power any single device.
If your computer doesn’t have USB 3.0 ports and isn’t too old, then you’re probably in luck. If you need to upgrade your desktop or notebook computer, there are plenty of adapter cards that offer one or more USB 3.0 ports The adapter cards typically feature two USB 3.0 ports. 

If you have a desktop system you will need a PCI Express, or PCIe card, and your computer must have a free PCI Express slot to install it in. If you’re brave enough to open up your computer, do so with the system unplugged and install the card in an empty PCIe slot. When you power it up again the computer should detect the new card and install the drivers automatically, or it will ask you for a disc containing the necessary drivers. Then you’re ready to roll, at USB 3.0 transfer rates. If you’re uncomfortable opening up your desktop system you can always buy a card and find someone more qualified to install it.

If you have a notebook computer, it must have an ExpressCard slot. ExpressCard is a high-bandwidth expansion slot commonly found on notebook computers in the last five years or so. If you have an older notebook with a PC Card (also called PCMCIA) or Cardbus slot, you can’t use the latest ExpressCard peripherals. There are two form factors for ExpressCard slots and peripherals. Express-card/34 slots and peripherals are 34 mm wide, while Express-card/54 slots and peripherals are 54 mm wide. A 34 mm slot will only accept 34 mm cards, while a 54 mm slot accepts 34 mm and 54 mm cards. Regardless, all of the ExpressCard USB 3.0 adapters are at least 34mm wide, so if your notebook has any ExpressCard slot you can plug in one of these adapters.
To be safe, you should insert the ExpressCard adapter into the computer while it’s off. After you turn on your computer, it should detect the adapter and install the drivers automatically, or it will ask you for a disc containing the necess

How Google Glass is working.

Does Project Glass represent the next big step in mobile communications

With so much new information surrounding Google Glass, we have completely updated this 'what you need to know' feature. Enjoy!
Many of us spend a significant portion of our day glued to our smartphones, or to other connected devices. Reading social media or checking out the weather or otherwise dipping into the wealth of data at our disposal will typically consume all of our attention, making it hard to do anything else.
Google Glass might offer a solution to this problem, giving us a way of using the outboard brain of the internet while still being able to do other things. Glass was created, according to Google, to "be there when you need it and get out of your way when you don't."
The first Glass units have been with early adopters (who had to sign up to a lottery for the privilege) since April and Google is using this semi-public testing period to fine tune the device for general consumption, as well as get the world used to the idea of wearables.

Google Glass and its prism display

Google Glass features

Essentially, Google Glass is a wearable Android-powered computer built into spectacle frames so that you can perch a display in your field of vision, film, take pictures, search and translate on the go as well as run specially-designed apps.
Google Glass uses a miniature display to put data in front (or at least, to the upper right) of your vision courtesy of a prism screen. This is designed to be easily seen without obstructing your view.

Google Glass options

Glass responds to voice commands as well as taps and gestures on the touch-sensitive bar that runs along the side of the frame. You can start a search with "Ok Glass.." and take a photo or launch an app with a command phrase or a tap of your finger. Glass can also be paired with a phone using the My Glass app to allow quick fiddling with settings and customisation.
Google Glass runs a version of Android, so developers can easily create apps that take advantage of its unique display and input methods. Developers using Google's Mirror API, which makes it possible for apps to speak directly with a Glass headset, are forbidden from charging for their software or embedding ads in the Glass display. Google has indicated that this policy may change however.
The early Google Glass apps provide a neat glimpse into the potential of the headset.

Google Glass - certainly capturing plenty of attention

You'll be able to use Google Maps to get directions although as there is no built in GPS receiver you'll need to tether Glass to your smartphone. Several third party developers have announced apps for services including Evernote, Skitch and Path.
The New York Times has also demoed an app that will pop up news headlines on request and JetBlue has suggested that it could create an app to show how much time was left before you had to board your flight. One developer even created an app (since removed by Google) to allow surreptitious taking of photos simply by blinking when you have something good in your sights.
Google has snapped up voice specialists DNNresearch whose voice recognition tech could give Glass the ability to translate words being spoken to you into your own language on the display. Obviously you'll need a WiFi connection or a hefty data plan if you're in another country, but it's certainly a neat trick if it works.

Google Glass design

Glass is designed to be lightweight and as unobtrusive as possible. The frame will come with adjustable pads for comfort, and is expected to be both light and extremely robust. It will also have a touchpad along one arm for silent interaction.
If you already wear glasses, don't worry. Google is trialing several different designs that will enable Glass to be attached to e‌xisting frames. There is also the possibility of designer prescription glasses with Glass functionality built in. This patent might give us a glimpse of a future, more natural looking version of Glass.

Google Glass - another reason not to miss your flight

At the moment Google Glass comes in five colours: Charcoal, Tangerine, Shale, Cotton and Sky. Using Glass's translation ability to turn that list from marketing speak to plain English, that's black, orange, grey, white and blue. Consumer versions of the product could offer a different palette.

Google Glass specifications

Current versions of Glass offer a 640 x 360 display. According to Google the display is "the equivalent of a 25-inch high definition screen from eight feet away." There is a 5 megapixel camera built-in to the frame that can also capture video at 720p resolution.
The rechargeable battery last for roughly a day, although that's with the standard "typical use" caveat, which probably excludes a lot of video capture or playback.
There's 16GB of flash memory built into the device, although only 12GB is currently available for user storage. The device will sync to your Google Drive, giving you both a place to stash your photos and video clips as well as a stash of documents and files you can call up from the cloud.

Google Glass will come in five colours

Bluetooth and WiFi will be built in, but there is no GPS chip - so the Glass will probably work best alongside an Android phone for full Google Maps functionality. You can however pair with any Bluetooth enabled phone and we would expect some support for iOS at least.
Sound will be produced through bone conduction transfer - vibrating your skull to transmit to your eardrum. Google recently revealed a new version of the Glass headset that can take an optional mono earbud if you need to wear Glass in a noisy environment where bone conduction just can't give the volume you require.
Tech Radar was able to spend some time with the Google Glass Explorer edition and give our verdict on this early model.

Google Glass Controversy

Obviously with any new technology there is the potential for misuse - and Google Glass is perhaps a little problematic when it comes to privacy. Of course, Google would say that it is merely taking the functionality that we already have in our portable devices and making it more readily accessible.
A lot will come down to personal preference. For many, the prospect of being filmed by someone from their glasses will make them uneasy and having conversations logged and transcribed will be divisive.
Google has released some information regarding how you know when people are filming through the device, which should quash some people's fears that the device will be used as a perving mechanism. Google also acted to remove an app that allowed photos to be taken silently via blinking, which could potentially have been abused. Facial recognition apps will also be banned from the Glass equivalent of Google Play following privacy concerns.

Google Glass - is it evil?

It's important to note that there may be restrictions on when you use Glass, both legal and social. Indeed, one early adopter has already been arrested for driving while 'distracted' by her Google Glass headset. On the other side of the legal coin, another member of the Google Glass Explorer program became the first Glass user to film an arrest using his headset. Some jurisdictions may frown on this kind of public oversight.
A strip club and a bar have already earned cheap publicity by pre-emptively banning Glass, and TechRadar columnist Gary Marshall has had his say on Glass' privacy implications. Gary also looked at just who fears Google Glass and why.

Google Glass Competition

Google Glass - coming to a developer near you (if you live in the US)

Much as with the recent fad for Smart Watches, Google Glass is certain to spawn competitors. Apple and Microsoft are Google's most obvious rivals - and both are rumoured to be working on their own equivalents. Samsung could be getting in on the act too with what looks like a sportier take on the concept.
Sony has gone so far as to patent a Glass-alike offering with a 'double lens' projecting visuals to both eyes. Vuzix, Oakley, Baidu and Oculon are also said to be working on rival systems.

There is going to be plenty of competition going forward

Another project that is attracting attention for mixing screens and glasses is the Oculus Rift, which is currently very much about gaming, but could feasibly - using a camera - show you live video of reality and enable some awesome real time overlays because it's a complete screen. The sheer size and weight of the Oculus Rift headset as it currently exists means it is unlikely to happen soon, however.

Google Glass price

Google Glass is not yet commercially available but some of those who signed up to the Google Glass Explorer program have been able to purchase a developer edition for $1,500 - around £985 or AU$1,449. Such is the buzz behind Google Glass that there is now a black market in Explorer program invites, with a 'Buy It Now' invite going for as much as $2,999.
The consumer versions are expected to be a little cheaper, although any actual prices remain speculative. They are unlikely to be super-cheap - but Google's success with the Nexus 7 tablet may prompt the company to subsidise some of the cost.

Google Glass - robust enough?

Google recently unveiled an accessories store, selling Google Glass add-ons and extras at premium prices. A spare pouch for Glass will set you back $50 and a clear eye shield is on sale for $75.

Google Glass with glasses

Google Glass release date

There was speculation that Glass may launch early, before the end of 2013 but no announcement has been forthcoming from Google. Google has however announced that another round of invites will be sent out to those who wish to buy a Google Glass Explorer edition, with existing users

REPAIR CHRISTMAS LIGHTS

YOU CAN REPAIR YOUR CHRISTMAS LIGHTS BY ANY OF THE 4 WAYS DISCUSSED HERE

1 – Locate Dark Bulbs

Finding the defective bulb in a string of Christmas tree lights is almost always the greatest challenge you'll have. It is not easy to identify the offending bulb. When a single bulb becomes defective it can extinguish all lights on the string. Some burned out bulbs become darker than the good bulbs, and occasionally you can identify the bad bulb as one that is darker, then replace it with a good bulb. But not always.

2 – Locate Built-In Shunt Bulbs

Some of the newer light strings are made with a built-in shunt. In these strings one bulb can become defective without making all other bulbs stop working. If all bulbs on your light string are working except for one, it is likely that this string has the shunt feature built into the string. In this case, you can easily identify the bad bulb as the only one that is not lighted. Then, you can easily replace it by simply pulling it out of its socket.

3 - Use a Hum Tracer

Use a hum tracer to find a defective bulb. If your light string includes three strands—or wires—you should first identify which of the three strands (Strand A) runs from bulb to bulb. Strands B and C do not connect to each bulb. Because all three strands are usually twisted together it is sometimes difficult to tell which of them is Strand A. You may need to spread them apart to find the right strand. Once you've identified Strand A, touch it with the tip of your hum tracer. If you hear an electronic hum, this means there is an electric current flowing through this strand. It is usually at a defective bulb that this current stops flowing. If you can locate a bulb where you get a hum on the incoming strand but not on the outgoing strand, this is an indication that the bulb you tested is defective.

4 – Replace a Bad Bulb

Once you have identified a bulb as one that is probably bad, you can replace it with a new one. If the string lights come on, you have solved your problem. If the new light fails to come on, there are 3 possible reasons: 1) there is at least one other light on the string that is bad, 2) Strand A wire may be severed or shorted, or 3) the new light bulb may be bad. If you cannot find another bad light bulb, you will likely need to replace your light string.

CHRISTMAS LIGHT AUDIO DIMMER

Christmas light dimmer will make it possible to control the intensity of the lights much easier. Making your own dimmer switch isn't actually very difficult.

Materials Required

1.Christmas light

2.Solid State Relay Dimmer

3.Amplifier

We can make the dimmer in 5 steps.

1. Choosing the solid state relay:

The first thing you will need to do is choose the solid state relay, or SSR. This will be the most important component in your audio dimmer project. If you're building this for use in India then you will need to choose an SSR which is rated to work at 220 V AC current (for use in USA choose 120 V AC SSR). Make sure that the rating of the SSR is a minimum of 2 amps, but preferably more. These switches cannot be used on over 200 bulbs as this could cause problems.

2. Acquiring an Amplifier:

You will also need an audio amplifier to use as your Christmas lights dimmer, you don't need to buy an expensive amplifier as you can simply take apart an old set of computer speakers. The amplifier inside the speakers will be enough to control your lights. You can put everything back into the speaker case to keep it nice and tidy.(Or buy a small amplifier which costs about Rs.300)

3. Fitting an Adapter:

Fit the adapter to the case and screw it up so that it can't move

.

4. Soldering:

In your amplifier you need to use your soldering iron to remove the cables from the mini jack wire. Re-solder the input wire to a fresh piece of wire. If you are new to soldering, it's a good idea to spend some time practicing first. Soldering can be difficult to get right because you don't want to accidentally connect two terminals together.

5. Finishing Touches:

Now all that's left to do is connect the input cable to the solid state relay switch. Connect the jack to your computer or DVD player and the dimmer to your Christmas lights. Now whenever you play music through your computer speakers the lights will dim and flash.

DEFINITION OF ELECTRONICS

Definition of electronics:
Electronics is the branch of science that deals with the study of flow and control of electrons (electricity) and the study of their behavior and effects in vacuums, gases, and semiconductors, and with devices using such electrons. This control of electrons is accomplished by devices that resist, carry, select, steer, switch, store, manipulate, and exploit the electron.
Some of the basic electrical units and definitions are mentioned below:
Passive:
Capable of operating without an external power source. Typical passive components are resistors, capacitors, inductors and diodes (although the latter are a special case).
Active:
Requiring a source of power to operate. Includes transistors (all types), integrated circuits (all types), TRIACs, SCRs, LEDs, etc.
DC:
Direct Current. The electrons flow in one direction only. Current flow is from negative to positive, although it is often more convenient to think of it as from positive to negative. This is sometimes referred to as "conventional" current as opposed to electron flow.
AC:
Alternating Current. The electrons flow in both directions in a cyclic manner - first one way, then the other. The rate of change of direction determines the frequency, measured in Hertz (cycles per second).
Frequency:
Unit is Hertz, Symbol is Hz, old symbol was cps (cycles per second). A complete cycle is completed when the AC signal has gone from zero volts to one extreme, back through zero volts to the opposite extreme, and returned to zero. The accepted audio range is from 20Hz to 20,000Hz. The number of times the signal completes a complete cycle in one second is the frequency.
Voltage:
Unit is Volts, Symbol is V or U, old symbol was E . Voltage is the "pressure" of electricity, or "electromotive force" (hence the old term E). A 9V battery has a voltage of 9V DC, and may be positive or negative depending on the terminal that is used as the reference. The mains has a voltage of 220, 240 or 110V depending where you live - this is AC, and alternates between positive and negative values. Voltage is also commonly measured in millivolts (mV), and 1,000 mV is 1V. Microvolts (uV) and nanovolts (nV) are also used.
Current:
Unit is Amperes (Amps), Symbol is I . Current is the flow of electricity (electrons). No current flows between the terminals of a battery or other voltage supply unless a load is connected. The magnitude of the current is determined by the available voltage, and the resistance (or impedance) of the load and the power source. Current can be AC or DC, positive or negative, depending upon the reference. For electronics, current may also be measured in mA (milliamps) - 1,000 mA is 1A. Nanoamps (nA) are also used in some cases.
Resistance:
Unit is Ohms, Symbol is R or Ω . Resistance is a measure of how easily (or with what difficulty) electrons will flow through the device. Copper wire has a very low resistance, so a small voltage will allow a large current to flow. Likewise, the plastic insulation has a very high resistance, and prevents current from flowing from one wire to those adjacent. Resistors have a defined resistance, so the current can be calculated for any voltage. Resistance in passive devices is always positive (i.e. > 0)
Capacitance:
Unit is Farads, Symbol is C. Capacitance is a measure of stored charge. Unlike a battery, a capacitor stores a charge electrostatically rather than chemically, and reacts much faster. A capacitor passes AC, but will not pass DC (at least for all practical purposes). The reactance or AC resistance (called impedance) of a capacitor depends on its value and the frequency of the AC signal. Capacitance is always a positive value.
Inductance:
Unit is Henrys, Symbol is H or L (depending on context). Inductance occurs in any piece of conducting material, but is wound into a coil to be useful. An inductor stores a charge magnetically, and presents a low impedance to DC (theoretically zero), and a higher impedance to AC dependent on the value of inductance and the frequency. In this respect it is the electrical opposite of a capacitor. Inductance is always a positive value.
Impedance:
Unit is Ohms, Symbol is Ω or Z. Unlike resistance, impedance is a frequency dependent value, and is specified for AC signals. Impedance is made up of a combination of resistance, capacitance, and/ or inductance. In many cases, impedance and resistance are the same (a resistor for example). Impedance is most commonly positive (like resistance), but can be negative with some components or circuit arrangements.